Doação de medula óssea no Brasil: compatibilidade HLA e métodos de coleta

Abstract

Bone marrow is the tissue responsible for the production of the body's blood cells, however, in cases of organ pathologies, bone marrow transplantation is a treatment option. However, for the effectiveness of the procedure, the patient needs a compatible donation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In summary, the compatibility of the donor and recipient is identified through HLA histocompatibility tests, which allow the allelic characterization of the patient and his/her possible donor in order to perform the transplant. After confirming genetic compatibility, the donor is referred for collection, which can be performed by two different methods: aphheresis or puncture. In view of this, the objectives of this study are to review the literature regarding histocompatibility tests developed for bone marrow donation and bone marrow collection methods. Thus, it was concluded that understanding the bone marrow donation process, as well as sample collection methods and HLA compatibility tests is of fundamental importance for the population, especially to increase the number of donors due to the relevance of the subject. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]