Conformidade sanitária e fitossanitária como estratégia competitiva na exportação da maçã brasileira: uma análise comparativa entre União Europeia e Índia

Abstract

Brazilian agribusiness is one of the pillars of the national economy and plays a central role in exports, with fruit production standing out as a strategic segment with significant potential for international expansion. Within this context, apples represent one of the main temperate fruits cultivated in the country, characterized by a consolidated production structure, regional economic relevance, and potential growth in foreign trade. However, access to and permanence in international markets have increasingly been conditioned by non-tariff barriers, especially phytosanitary measures aimed at protecting plant health and food safety in importing countries. This study aims to analyze the impact of phytosanitary barriers on the export strategies and competitiveness of Brazilian apples. The research addresses the main challenges faced by exporters regarding the absence and control of quarantine pests, as well as other technical measures that directly influence trade flows. It also discusses the implications of these requirements for the sector's production and logistics organization, as well as differences in market access conditions between major importers, particularly the European Union and India. By understanding how phytosanitary barriers shape the international fruit trade, this study contributes to identifying paths for adaptation and strengthening of Brazilian competitiveness, promoting strategies that reconcile plant health safety, product quality, and sustainable integration into global markets. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]