A pandemia da COVID-19 enquanto um desastre biológico e suas consequências sobre o gênero feminino

Abstract

This dissertation addresses the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of Disaster Law and gender. Analyzes some international guiding documents regarding disaster risk reduction, as well as the gender perspective presented in each one of them. Elements that make the female gender especially vulnerable to serious consequences in disaster situations are demonstrated. A connection between the biodiversity crisis and the origin of epidemics is presented through foundations and definitions. At the end, it presents, within the Brazilian reality, the impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic caused in the lives of indigenous women, black women and quilombola women. The impacts suffered by women who sought a political candidacy in the 2020 elections are also presented at the end of the study. The research problem consisted of investigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women under an analysis of UN Women Briefs 1, 2 and 3, having the pandemic as a scenario and considering it as a biological disaster caused by the biodiversity crisis. The research objectives were to understand conceptual questions about disasters, map the importance that the theme has come to have in the agendas of national and international organizations and institutions, seek concepts of vulnerability and make the connection between them and women's issues. The research approach is qualitative and its scientific investigation methodology is descriptive. Regarding the bibliographic research, contents published in national and international journals were used to integrate the theoretical foundation performed. There was also a systematic analytical evaluation of books, dissertations, among others. Still in relation to the qualitative approach, the purpose was to explore the significance attributed to the realities of women in the context of disaster, in order to understand and perceive social and human problems. Inductively, an analysis of issues emerging from the data collected was included. Performing interpretations and comprehensions of their meanings was intended. The result of the research was that the impacts on Brazilian indigenous, black and quilombola women were different from those suffered by women of another race or ethnicity. Furthermore, the impacts of the pandemic on the provision of assistance to women's health, on their safety and on their economic outcomes were of great importance. As a result of all the bibliographic survey carried out, it is concluded that female vulnerabilities before the occurrence of a catastrophe have a direct connection with the impacts suffered by women. It was also concluded that women in command and in decision-making positions are fundamental for the mitigation of female and child vulnerabilities in relation to the occurrence of a humanitarian emergency. The biodiversity crisis is directly linked to the risk of facing future epidemics and pandemics. It was concluded that disaster risk management needs to have gender, race and ethnicity cuts to be effective. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women who sought political candidacy were different from the impacts suffered by male candidates, and the impacts of the current pandemic on indigenous, black and quilombola women were more profound and severe. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]