Principais fatores de risco para candidíase vulvovaginal de repetição e a importância do diagnóstico laboratorial

Abstract

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by an opportunistic fungus of the genus Candida that is present in the human microbiota. From the moment a woman presents 3 episodes or more per year, she is considered to have Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (CVVR). The decrease in Lactobacillus spp that are present in the vaginal microbiota, Diabetes mellitus, low immunity, lack of hygiene, pregnancy and stress are some of the main risk factors for recurrent infection. Symptoms include vulvar itching, dyspareunia, redness, white vaginal discharge with lumps, generally without odor and burning sensation when urinating or during sexual intercourse. Since there are several risk factors identified more frequently that contribute to CVVR, it is important that they are evaluated so that it is possible to minimize recurrences, preventing infection and especially reinfection. A correct laboratory diagnosis is also necessary to minimize unnecessary treatments and avoid resistance to antifungals. Due to the relevance of this topic, databases such as PubMed, SciElo, LILACS and ANVISA were consulted, with references published between 2013 and 2023 in Portuguese, English and Spanish, with the aim of characterizing the main risk factors associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. of Repetition, in addition to evaluating the importance of laboratory diagnosis. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]