Análise jurídica, econômica e ambiental da matriz dos combustíveis automotivos : um estudo da utilização do etanol frente a chegada dos motores elétricos sob a perspectiva ambiental

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the automotive fuel matrix and the use of ethanol in light of the arrival of electric motors from an environmental perspective. The dissertation is part of the Environmental Law, Public Policies and Socioeconomic Development research line of the Postgraduate Law Program at the University of Caxias do Sul. To this end, the work is divided into three chapters. Initially, the evolution of the energy matrix is examined, focusing on the Brazilian matrix, how the country has used energy resources, as well as the relevance of the transportation sector in this context. Next, the Proálcool program and the nuances of ethanol as an alternative automotive fuel are examined. Then, the legislation on biofuels and the arrival of electric motors in this scenario are assessed, and finally, a comparison of ethanol versus electric vehicles is made. The methodology used will be a bibliographic review with dialectical and analytical approaches, seeking to understand both the dynamic aspects and the static elements related to the theme. The study's conclusion highlights that, given the need to replace gasoline, a non-renewable and highly polluting fossil fuel, ethanol presents itself as a viable and sustainable alternative. Considering the predominance of flex-fuel vehicle technology in the national market and the robust sugarcane production in Brazil, ethanol stands out as a renewable and economical fuel. However, its sustainability in the Brazilian market depends on safe and effective public policies. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]