Inovação sustentável integrando Internet das coisas à logística 5.0: armazéns inteligentes como infraestruturas de serviço de apoio à sociedade

Abstract

The development of logistics has historically kept pace with transformations in industry, especially since the Third Industrial Revolution, when advances in computing and data communication began to be incorporated into production and logistics processes. The evolution of these technologies culminated in the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), marking the transition to the so-called Industry 4.0 and, consequently, to Logistics 4.0. More recently, new concerns about environmental sustainability and human well-being have driven the formulation of the concept of Society 5.0, which has led to the definition of Industry 5.0 and, by extension, Logistics 5.0. This new phase is characterized by the integration between the automation and digitalization promoted by Logistics 4.0, the principles of green logistics, and the centrality of the human being proposed by Society 5.0 and by Industry 5.0 itself, so that companies can go beyond operational efficiency and offer benefits to the society around them. In this new scenario, smart warehouses come to occupy a central position, functioning as strategic hubs where the Internet of Things can be applied to optimize logistics operations in line with the principles of Logistics 5.0. Based on this context, this thesis aims to propose a technological architecture for smart warehouses, based on the principles of Logistics 5.0, that integrates sensing via the Internet of Things to promote resilience, sustainability, and human centricity, while at the same time providing accurate data to support business management and the actions of civil defense organizations. For the conduct of the research, the Design Science Research method was adopted, whose approach is oriented toward the development of practical solutions through the construction and evaluation of artifacts aimed at solving real-world problems. During the execution of the research, a set of three artifacts was built, consisting of an architectural model focused on the application of IoT in smart warehouses, an IoT device at the minimum viable product stage, and a prototype for processing, visualization, and decision-making. The artifacts developed were evaluated in simulated and real scenarios, allowing their functionality and relevance to be validated in practical applications related to the context of Logistics 5.0. As a result, the applicability of the proposed architecture was verified through the recombination of sensor data for use in contexts aligned with Logistics 5.0, such as more accurate and anticipatory weather forecasting and fire detection. Additionally, the thesis proposes a framework as a fourth artifact, which incorporates society as one of the constituent components of a smart warehouse from the perspective of Logistics 5.0. In this context, the role of warehouses as logistics hubs positions them as key players in the context of Logistics 5.0, broadening the traditional view of the logistics sector and strengthening its role as an agent integrated with the community that lives in its surroundings. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]