O dano extrapatrimonial coletivo na esfera ambiental

Abstract

The State has come a long way until it reaches the guarantees provided for in the Federal Constitution and guarantees rights related to life, health and dignity, which are related to the ecologically balanced environment, indispensable for survival. The recognition of nature as a fundamental right in the Political Charter of 1988, reinforced previous legislation and made possible the emergence of new ones, highlighting the importance of a diverse understanding to deal with the effects of a global crisis related to the exhaustion of natural resources and the considerable increase Environmental damage. The impact on nature made it necessary to have mechanisms to prevent and repair the damage caused through the application of principles such as prevention and precaution, integral reparation, polluter pays and sustainable development; As well as from the repair institute, carried out through natural replacement and ecological compensation. In addition, it should be noted that civil liability, which in the last decade beyond the traditional indemnity for material damage, has earned notoriety, especially in the Superior Court of Justice, compensation for collective environmental moral damages, which despite difficulties in delimiting, valuation and destination is considered a great achievement for the green cause. Just as criminal responsibility, which through the advent of the Law of Environmental Crimes has made it possible to hold the legal person accountable, broadening the scope of ecological literacy, which begins to fulfill its repressive and pedagogical role against the major causes of environmental damage, which through Severity of the penalties imposed, they perceive that the criminal practice compared to the responsibility that the misuse of the environment can trigger, does not compensate; Allowing the literacy process to reinforce the principle of prevention and sustainable development, avoiding the occurrence of environmental damage.