O caráter propter rem da responsabilidade civil pela descontaminação de áreas órfãs : uma leitura principiológica urbanística e ambiental

Abstract

This research analyzes the concepts introduced by the Act of the National Solid Waste (Law nº 12.305/2010) as well as the fundamental notions about the environmental zoning and liability for the practice of environmental damage and, combining these elements, demonstrates, from the principles of urban and environment law, the possible consequences that might arise in the definition of who bears the duty to decontaminate areas whose responsible for past and improper disposal of solid waste are not identifiable or separable (known as orphan sites). Justifies the choice of this issue because the balanced environment (free from improper disposal of waste as well as the huge open dumps exist today in large centers) is a diffuse interest, so that any injury to it affects not only in the sphere of rights of the new owner, but the entire community. The general and specific principles of urban law, beyond confer upon didactic and scientific autonomy, guide and govern the planning, the use and the occupation of the land (including, here, the correct destination that must be attached to solid waste). Notwithstanding the above, the principles of intergenerational solidarity, the polluter-pays principle and sustainable development discourage environmental degradation as well as solidify the idea that man must satisfy his needs, develop and harness the potential of natural resources in harmony with the duty to ensure environmental protection – so that future generations also have ecological conditions more favorable or at least similar to today. The property’s social and environmental function creates, to the holder dominial, a burden to the community, so that the allocation to be given by him to it still can no longer be defined exclusively in individual terms, under penalty of be your property worthy of legal protection whatsoever. The environmental zoning, by itself, is a kind of sort of soil and limiting the use of this, in order to divide it according to their destination and occupation more suitable urban growth, seeking also to conform to the requirement of social and environmental well-being. This way, based on the related principles of urban law and environmental, the obligation to decontaminate orphan sites has propter rem character – passing to the new owner of land previously polluted (even if he has not been responsible for such practice) as well as the government, setting up a system of solidarity between the old and new owners of previously contaminated land, beyond to state liability, regardless of fault element analysis (objective liability). The method adopted is the deductive approach, with interpretation of legal texts and doctrinal as well as the use of broad and general assumptions about the theme, and, based on the analysis, confrontation and mediation rules and related principles, responding to the research problem, coming up, at the end, to the exact understanding of why the duty to decontaminate orphan sites is transmissible.