As alterações dos anexos do protocolo ao Tratado da antártica sobre proteção ao meio ambiente : a constitucionalidade independente da não submissão ao Congresso Nacional

Abstract

The environmental and climatic conditions of Antarctica have repercussions in Brazil and South America, constituting a central focus of concern to the extent that its equilibrium can be affected. For the Country and the Region the protection of the legal instruments of environmental protection, such as the Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection – PEPAT are fundamental. In order to speed up the application of PEPAT, its §3, Article 9 and several other provisions of its Appendix and Annexes allow the approval and entry into force of "Measures", which establish changes to its own Appendix or Annexes, in a year or ninety days after the closure of the respective ATCM in which they were adopted, without having to go through the respective internal processes of approval of the international treaties of the member countries of the TA, in the case of Brazil, by the approval of the National Congress. Under these conditions, these provisions could lead to violation of the provisions of item I, article 49 and the second part of item VIII, article 84, of the Federal Constitution-CF. Nevertheless, this dissertation advocates for the constitutionality of the devices and norms resulting from them. In order to justify the assertion, two different approaches it was assumed, the first one, supporting the constitutionality from traditional foundations of International Law, so that it includes the above mentioned devices and the norms derived from them under the Executive Agreements and second on the basis of Environmental Law and International Environmental Law, demonstrating the constitutionality of the devices and the norms derived from them, based on what have been termed epistemic fundamentals, based on principles and legal basis. This methodological construction is emphasized, in its general aspects, under the protection of the deductive method.