Os saberes das crianças de quatro a cinco anos na prática pedagógica docente (Bento Gonçalves/RS)

Abstract

This dissertation has as its theme “The knowledge of children aged 4 to 5 years old in the teaching pedagogical practice”. The general objective is to analyze the ways in which children‟s knowledge from four to five years old is contextualized to teaching pedagogical practices, based on the reality of a School of Early Childhood Education in the Gaucho municipality of Bento Gonçalves / RS. Because it is a case study, the research discusses and conceptualizes childhood and the way in which children's knowledge, which attend a School of Early Childhood education in the municipality mentioned, contribute to the construction of knowledge. The research was produced from the result of interviews with teachers and observations recorded in the field diary through the accompaniment of classes taught by the same teachers interviewed. Theorists such as Ariès (1978) and Kuhlmann Júnior (1998) emphasize how childhood has acquired sense and meaning, that is, it constitutes a significant stage for human development. To conceptualize knowledge and pedagogical practices, it is theoretically supported by authors who emphasize the important role of teacher training and the need for its innovation. We opted for the cultural perspective for the documental analysis of the computed empiricism, in this way, Vygotsky's critical social bias was also important in understanding language development and playing in this stage of children's lives. In the treatment of the analysis, an evolution was identified in the municipality, in the 1980s, following the laws and national guidelines that reorganized the form of child care. At the present time, from the Guidelines for Early Childhood Education, this sense is broadened and the potential of teaching work and its relevance to the continuity of children's studies is realized, being a stage of schooling fundamental for full development. Aspects of the Political Pedagogical Project and Regiment from the organization and the experiment organized from the interviews and observations contributed to broaden the identification of the way in which knowledge is evidenced in teaching planning, at the moment of playfulness, the conversational groups and the synthesis of knowledge built in the school space. In the data analysis, it was possible to notice that the teachers emphasize the lack of improvement courses about the educational changes, for both, teachers and attendants, the work with projects and contextualization of the knowledge is still something new, which requires teachers change their way of thinking and acting, mainly because in practice they need to develop their listening, gradually, they can identify, in the different languages of children, the knowledge. While there is some concern among teachers to "listen" to children to organize planning according to previous knowledge, they are willing to change traditional conceptions, seek new ideas and new ways of working with children in training. One of the positive points evident in the interviews was that teachers already have the understanding that the amount of activities carried out on paper can sometimes be replaced by plays and other fun activities, which also increase learning. It was identified that, even in the face of insecurity, perhaps due to the lack of time to carry out collective work planning or the lack of training courses, the teachers' attempt to articulate activities, in order to make use of the knowledge that children bring to pedagogical action exists and characterizes as the moment in which stimulation occurs for the child's participation in the structuring of didactic work. It is believed that the possibility of glimpsing the advance in pedagogical practices is something possible, within the perception that much has already been awakened to the new school context and to the profile of the student of this time.