O direito fundamental de acesso à água e a necessidade de aprimoramento da normatização do reúso e do aproveitamento no meio urbano: os aspectos socioambientais na sociedade hiperconsumista

Abstract

Water is an indispensable resource for the survival and development of all living things, for many years it has been treated as an inexhaustible natural resource and therefore would not require much care. However, the growth of the hyperconsumer society has brought several environmental problems, such as the degradation of natural resources, especially water. Pollution and waste led to scarcity. Faced with this situation, man was forced to seek effective protection of existing fresh water, including it in the fundamental rights of man. However, the inclusion of water as a human right is not enough to avoid situations of scarcity that affects different places on the planet. Therefore, the need to adopt complementary sources of supply arises to reduce the pressure on supply sources. Reuse and use of rainwater appear as additional tools for efficient water resource management, contributing to more sources of supply, reducing pressure on water bodies, releasing better quality water for human consumption, and other benefits to the environment. In order for this research to contribute to the dissemination and implementation of techniques for the reuse of treated sanitary effluents and the utilization of rainwater, research was carried out by means of the analytical method on federal and municipal legislation that deal with the subject, as well as the positive social and environmental impacts arising the adoption of these practices. As a result of the absence of federal regulations on the subject, it was observed the commitment of some Brazilian municipalities to effect the rational use of water. With this research, it is hoped to contribute to the planning of Goiânia and that such measures can be incorporated in the municipal legislation. Still with the intention of giving effectiveness to the practices of water reuse and the use of rainwater, the importance of environmental education was discussed as a determining factor for sensitization of the individual for the preservation of water resources.