Justiça socioambiental e novos direitos: estudo em face da (in)efetividade da política nacional de resíduos sólidos e o aproveitamento do papel no setor bancário

Abstract

This Thesis studies Act 12,305/2010, which establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste and the analysis of its social and juridical (in)efficacy under the scope of the environmental (in)justice, based on the guardianship of the Right to Environment and the New Rights. The National Policy on Solid Waste introduced innovations in terms of the usage and reusage of solid waste. However, there are some controversial aspects related to its juridical and social efficacy as a guarantor mechanism of social and environmental justice, enabling (or not) the exercise of social and environmental rights. The gaps, contradictions, and systemic inconsistencies of the Act will be analyzed against its applicability in concrete reality. The inconsistencies of Act 12,305/2010 will be studied in terms of its real effectiveness, not only regulatory, which can promote a social fairer and more ecology balanced environment. the guiding questions are: What is the relation between State and individuals, during the post-modernity in terms of a National Policy on Solid Waste which can guarantee a real democratic market economy in such a way it allows a comprehensive access to its practices, resources and opportunities? What are the reasons which lead to inefficiency in the accomplishment of the rights envisaged by the National Policy on Solid Waste, and, by its turn, what are the most adequate ways of institutionalizing the relation between the State and society, especially the private sector, concerning the purpose of carrying out collective rights, thus assuring the sustainable usage? As an example of the questions asked, making this juridical and sociological study more concrete, it is asked in which way the financial sector adopts innovative practices to comply with the National Policy on Solid Waste. This questioning is mainly based on the reusage of paper in terms of usage and recycling, as well as the reduction of its usage, and which practices would be in accordance with the actions of the Public Authorities and private sector in an institutional interaction adequate to the realization of new rights. The main objective consists of the analysis of Act 12,305, of 02 August, 2010, which deals with the National Policy on Solid Waste. It explains the disposal, usage and reusage of solid waste, its juridical (in)efficacy and social and environmental justice related to the new rights. Methodogically, the research will be held based on Act 12,305, of 02 August, 2010 in terms of (in)efficacy, and in which way the social actors and the State interact in the process of disposal, usage and reusage of solid waste. Reasoning is inductive, since we aim to get to generalizable conclusions from the observation of concrete problems related to the (in)efficacy of regulation using the bibliographical and documental data analysis.