Interação entre a syakeholders e a inovação social no âmbito das operações humanitárias

Abstract

The changes that have occurred in society in recent years have led to the emergence of a new way of thinking about innovation, emphasizing the social scope and the multiplicity of actors involved in the process. Thus, there was a need to study the link between stakeholders and the creation of social innovation, especially in the uncertain environment that shapes Humanitarian Operations. Thus, the general objective of this paper was to investigate the interaction between Stakeholder Theory and Social Innovation in the context of Humanitarian Operations. To this end, we used the methodology with qualitative approach, operationalized through (i) in-depth semi-structured interviews; (ii) field diaries obtained from non-participant observation and; (iii) documentary sources. The twenty-nine interviews were conducted in four regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the extreme south of Brazil, and included representatives of the public, private and social stakeholders, whose choice was made using the snowball method. The script of questions used in this research was based on validated instruments on community competence, resilience, participatory action, social innovation and types of humanitarian operations. The issues were discussed with experts from the areas of Management, Operations and Social Innovation, who participated in their adaptation validating the proposed roadmap. After the data collection stage, the interviews obtained were transcribed in order to allow their analysis through content analysis and data triangulation. It was possible to identify that the communities analyzed are organized based on their own competences, generating transformation for the community itself - usually after the occurrence of a local problem. Thus, it is possible to understand that there is a direct relationship between the experience of a local problem and the generation of social innovation in the community, since the community itself finds ways to reconstruct itself after the occurrence of a major problem. Moreover, it was possible to understand that the occurrence of a humanitarian operation in a given community acts as a driving force of social innovation in this community, since the changes that occur are - often - understood as social innovation. It is possible to see the emergence of specialized health care services, changes in legislation, as well as a range of awareness-raising activities, prevention programs and activities - such as river clearing and silting to minimize the effects of flooding, awareness campaigns about of garbage separation in schools and others. Also, it is clear that social resilience built from tragedies is capable of motivating institutional changes, such as the emergence of laws and preventive inspections of tragedies. In addition, it is important to highlight the importance of social support that arises from the problems - namely affective solidarity. It is also understood that the relationship between the stakeholders involved generates a feeling of community and it is capable of transformative action - also understood as social innovation.