Efeito biológico de extratos de pleurotus sajor-caju e lentinula edodes em cultivo de células tumorais

Abstract

Natural products are increasingly sold as dietary supplements due to several of its therapeutic properties, emphasizing the search for new drugs. This work shows that aqueous extracts of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Agaricus blazei, exert cytotoxic activity by testing the reduction of tetrazolium bromide salt in human cell lines of laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) and cervix carcinoma (HeLa). The extracts were obtained initially at three different temperatures (4C, 22ºC and 50C), however ambient temperature was chosen to carry out other experiments that have shown the best results in the reduction of cell viability. Biochemical assays performed in parallel showed an increased amount of polyphenols in the extracts of L. edodes the three extraction temperatures and also a better ability to eliminate the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl. The results for the cytotoxic activity revealed that the extract of P. sajor-caju was more efficient than that of L. edodes and A. blazei, the strains tested. Observed morphological changes in the cells was confirmed by Giemsa staining after treatment with the extracts, suggesting that the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis dose/dependent. The type of cell death was assayed by the method of annexin V bound to a fluorochrome and propidium iodide further confirming that both of L. edodes and P. sajor-caju induce apoptosis late. Testing the chemical composition obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometer showed the presence of fatty acids in the extracts, with a prevalence of palmitic acid in the extract of L. edodes and P. sajor-caju and stearic acid extract of A. blazei. The quantification of carbohydrates and proteins indicated a greater amount of the carbohydrates L. edodes and A. blazei showed a higher protein content. These results indicate that the aqueous extracts of the mushroom L. edodes , P. sajor-caju and A. blazei, are potential sources antioxidants, high in protein and fatty acids and have anticancer activity by induction of apopt sis. However, further studies are needed to explore their therapeutic use and to elucidate its systemic effects.