A consideração do outro em Habermas: uma abordagem sobre a inclusão legal das comunidades nos processos de concessão de licenças ambientais atinente às atividades minerárias para a implementação de um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico pós-extrativista

Abstract

Although there is knowledge that the exploitation of mining activities is important for economic development, the impacts arising from these activities can be truly harmful if they are not accompanied by socio-environmental protection practices, from the project to implement new mining projects, to their deactivation phases. Thus, when consulting the current laws that authorize communities to participate immediately in democratic deliberative processes at the federal level and in the states with the highest rates of mining activity, namely Pará, Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, and observing the importance of the deliberative democratic participation of Habermasian matrix in the authorization processes for the installation of mining companies, it is questioned: Is it necessary to adopt a new environmental rationality in line with Good Living, through democratic exercise of citizens in local political and economic deliberations, related to the processes that concern the granting of environmental licenses for the installation of mining enterprises - based on Habermasian deliberative democracy -, prioritizing the defense of life and fundamental rights of this portion of the population? To this end, the aim of the present study is to propose that an ecological culture be adopted by society in harmony with Good Living, to be developed by the community itself affected by the installation of mining enterprises through authorizations for direct public participation granted by the current legislation, per their participation in public deliberations at the local level during public hearings, given that this form of social inclusion represents an immediate measure of democratic exercise to promote sustainable development, in the face of Habermas theory. In the methodological aspect, the work adopts the method of typological procedure and the method of critical-dialectic approach, residing the hermeneutic approach in the substantial aspect of the content. To this end, it is proposed to legitimize local power and popular participation in its own deliberative spaces when authorizated by the Public Power for installations of large mining enterprises, with a view to ensuring the mitigation of socio-environmental impacts within these territories and proposing the adoption of a post-extractive economy, in order to develop a new environmental rationality and ecological culture by the population that gives new meaning to economic development policies, especially in South American countries, so that the appropriation of natural resources is not kept as a primary source of development minerals.