O zoneamento ambiental (ecológico econômico) como forma de planejamento sustentável do turismo: a necessidade de implementação de um planejamento de ocupação do solo visando a conservação ambiental em razão da atividade econômica do turismo

Abstract

The following work seeks, through a doctrinal bibliographic review, to recognize the economic and social importance of tourism as a possible inducer of development, as long as it is carried out in a planned manner and respecting ecological limits and, especially, the need for territorial ordering of the activity, using the environmental zoning tool (also known as economic ecological zoning) provided for in the National Environment Policy that would be carried out essentially at the municipal level through the master plans for the development of cities. Initially, the social phenomenon of tourism in its socio-environmental consequences is studied. Afterwards, we analyzed the instrument of environmental zoning in view of the legal doctrine and national legislation, emphasizing its practical application by the entities of the Federation. In a third step, we try to verify the existence and application of tourism zoning in Brazilian cities. Through researching the municipal legislations of the state capitals and main tourist destinations in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, it can be seen that the use of environmental zoning, as the organizer of tourism, is still incipient, considering that the municipal entities, although they foresee the possibility of creating areas of interest to the development of tourism, with programmatic and generic duties of preservation and conservation, hardly establish concrete restrictions to limit the human occupation of these spaces. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]