Processos de escolarização em Flores da Cunha/RS: o grupo escolar Frei Caneca (1925-1940)

Abstract

The present study researched to produce an investigative narrative about the schooling practices developed in the Frei Caneca?s School Group, in Flores da Cunha city between the years 1925 and 1940, considering the political and social articulations in the period. The year 1925 is marked by creation of the School Group from the Political Emancipation of Flores da Cunha (before named Nova Trento), in 1924. The year 1940, in turn, can be characterized for its new construction and nomenclature, through the State Education Secretary with a nationalist stamp in the period. Therefore, the objective was analysis and understand the schooling processes that permeated the School Group, identify them and characterized the school practices present in the sources of documents which were analyzed, the methodology applied was the documents analysis, from Minute Book, pieces of newspapers and pictures that include the period of the time and the theme. The relation of theorical assumptions used in this study, are listed by Cultural History, based on Chartier (1990), Pesavento (1998) and The Education History, based on studies by Escolano Benito (2017), Diana Vidal (2006) and Stephanou; Bastos (2005). The first Italian?s immigrants arrived in 1876. In 1924, took place the emancipation request to the State President, due to economic development and high taxes paid to Caxias with low returns and investments to the location. In 1924, with the political emancipation, moves were made in the Public Instruction Secretary to create the School Group. Thus, the implementation of a school building modify the local landscape and it brings the arrival of teachers. Nova Trento changed the name in 1935 to Flores da Cunha which was a tribute to the governor of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, José Antônio Flores da Cunha, due to the close relationship with the mayor Heitor Curra. Therefore, it was possible identify the influence of nationalism and its permeation in the schooling processes, especially in festivities, parades and exams. The festivities, which were marked in the school calendar, were characterized by the presence and exaltation of national symbols and the ordering of the bodies to spread the republican politics ideals. About the school's exams which became to measure students' knowledge and aptitudes throughout different periods of the year, that became in closing parties. Therefore, this research goes beyond telling the story of school institution, presenting itself as a production of historical and memorialist of the Frei Caneca's School Group, to contribute to other research as a tool in especially the emerging school processes in other locations. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]