Línguas maternas indígenas: etnopolíticas públicas como elemento de sustentabilidade socioambiental do Estado Democrático Multiétnico de Direito

Abstract

This thesis aims to know to what extent Public Linguistic Ethnopolitics have contributed to the socio-environmental sustainability of the Multiethnic Democratic State of Law in Brazil. It seeks to demonstrate, from a critical and ethnopolitical perspective, how language policies influenced (or not) in the preservation of Brazilian linguistic heritage. It verifies the treatment given to indigenous languages (IL) in public policies, from the 17th-century European colonial period to the Federal Constitution of 1988. It seeks to understand how the implications of ethnocentric policies culminated in the linguistic imperialism of the Portuguese language to the detriment of the entire linguistic heritage and how it affects the formation of a Socioenvironmental and Multiethnic State of Law, with regard to the denial of cultural and linguistic plurality in Brazil, and how this is reflected (or not) in the State's sustainability. Therefore, it was necessary to analyze aspects of sustainability in the construction of a society, having ethnodevelopment as a condition for sustainability; at the same time, the consequences of the 17th century process of the European Colonization in Brazil are analyzed in the linguistic policies of this exploitation and domination system in the public policies adopted by the colonizer until the Federal Constitution of 1988. Also, it was intended to understand how the socioeconomic and political model from the Colony to the Republic reflected in the implantation of official monolingualism with the adoption of the Portuguese language at the expense of the unofficial multilingualism of around two hundred IL. It permeates the analysis of discretion and how this is portrayed in public policies throughout the construction cycle of such policies, from the governmental agenda (State) and the role of civil society actor's participation. It highlights the role of local government in strengthening national language policies, as well as demonstrating the global and local situation of IL's extinction, and, at the end, it proposes some measures that enable the existence of a Multiethnic Socio-environmental Democratic State of Law. The study was guided by the deductive approach method, since the extinction of IL affects the whole world, especially in non-multiethnic countries, with Brazil being one of the countries that have unsustainable and extinction languages, non-multiethnic and not sustainable from the point of view of preserving the linguistic heritage. The method of procedure was the Historical Method, ien which it was sought to explain the reasons for IL's extinction, whose results relate to the consequences of the 17th century European colonization process, diseases, just wars, ethnic mixtures, ethnocide, glotocide extending to the current days with the proclamation of the Portuguese language as the Official Standard Language of Brazil, and ethnocentric training of researchers and teachers and deficient operational recognition of effective linguistic ethnopolicies. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]