Escolas étnicas dos imigrantes poloneses no Rio Grande do Sul, (1875-1939)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate how it was structured schooling process of the Polish ethnic schools in Rio Grande do Sul. Such schools were part of an ethnic education system that was related to the private schools deployment process in the nuclei of Polish immigration by the State, through ethnic and identity construction processes of these immigrants. Had the time frame the beginning of Polish immigration to the Rio Grande do Sul in 1875, until the process of nationalization of education in 1939, which decreed the end of the immigration schooling process in Brazil. The construction of this narrative aimed to investigate how was this process of schooling of these immigrants in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Over time, the educational practices were established in different perspectives according to the historical periods and spaces configured by human activity . The organization of communities and school companies, as well as driving this process that somehow sufficiently responded to educational aspirations formed from ethnic education organizations. Knowing the historical constitution of these education systems of the past helps us to understand the ways and meanings of education in the present. At the beginning of the colonization process, the literacy was a constant problem. There was adequate support from the government when it comes to education. Thus, the Poles planned their educational initiatives, using the resources they had. Improvised schools and teachers in order to improve education and the cultural process in the nuclei and communities without any official monitoring of countries to which they had emigrated. After the development of the research, it was found that in Rio Grande do Sul there was a school system with features typical of Polish culture. According to the school census of Polish immigration in Brazil - conducted by the Consulate of Poland in Curitiba - until 1937, on different cores and regions of Rio Grande do Sul, were organized 128 ethnic Polish schools with 4,560 students and 114 teachers. In cultural history, reference reading this teaching process, emphasis is placed on understanding of the many aspects involved in the reconstruction of the past in a narrative, in the care and treatment of different types of sources. Were important theoretical contributions authors as Barth (1998) and Kreutz (2003), which relate the ethnic process with the social construction of communities. With two successive decrees of President Getulio Vargas in 1938 and 1939, all school ethnic processes of immigration were summarily finished, damaging the building and social development and school these communities.