Avaliação de métodos de fabricação de mantas híbridas de fibras curtas de vidro e sisal em compósitos poliméricos

Abstract

This work is focused at development and evaluation of confection methods of short fibers hybrid mants aiming attend the necessities of automobile industry in the production of small parts with smaller cost and specific weight. Were developed different methods in the confection of hybrids mants from short fibers: manual deposition of the fibers, watery phase deposition of the fibers, fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized and deposition of the fibers by vibrational method. The analysis of the methods was provided by evaluation of the processed composites. The first part of the work consisted in the appraising of hybrid composites with 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% of fiber glass and the remained in sisal. The analysis of the results showed, for 50% content, higher mechanical properties comparing to the composites reforced only with sisal, however with lower cost and specific weight than composites with 100% of fiber glass. The composites maded by different methods were estimated in relation to physical properties (specific weight, water absorption and void content) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elasticity modulus and impact resistance). The morfology of the composites was analyzed by SEM (scanning electronic microscopy). The results showed that the 3 cm length is ideal for the procedure utilizated. The sisal fibers washed in distilled water had shown, in general, superior performance than fibers in natura or chemically treated. It was noted that the increasing of fiber glass in the hybrids composites results in the strengthening of the mechanical properties of the composites, however the sisal increment in the composition reduced the specific weight of the final product. The analysis of the diferent methods showed that the manual deposition of the fibers and fibers arrangement by stream bed fluidized were the methods that manufactured composites with the best mechanical properties. The method of deposition by stream bed fluidized can be applied in the confecction of hybrids mants with short fibers for different types of naturals and synthetic fibers and your implementation is easy and of low cost using the compressed air installation existing in industry.