Educação pelo poético : a poesia na formação da criança

Abstract

Educating through poetry is a way of instigating children to perceive themselves as human beings of possibilities, inserted in a social context that is open to learning, creating, day-dreaming, and to art. It is the specificity of the literary that catches the eye of the little ones. Despite its visible potential, the poetic text still travels the school fields in a very shy or somewhat inappropriate way. In face of that observation and with the general purpose of reflecting about the knowledge present in the poetry for children of a book that is part of the collection of the Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola PNBE/2008 (National Program for Libraries in School), this research thesis was born. From the problem-question "What possibilities of knowledge can poetry provide children with?" five poems from the book Lili inventa o mundo (2005), by Mario Quintana are analyzed. The reflections are shed at the light of theoretical authors from the field of education among which: Freire (1996), Vygotsky (1984, 1993, 2003) and Giles (1987); philosophy such as Paviani (1996) and Fullat (1994); and from literature such as Larrosa (2002), Paz (1982), Bordini (1986), and Candido (1995); and the analyses are based on the methodological and systematic orientation adopted by Candido (2008). The reflections developed by the research indicate that poetic word stimulates imagination during infancy and, as such it can offer the reader opportunities to be in the text, to invent and to figure out new knowledge. Images, rhythms, metaphors and other resources captivate the children, stimulating them not only to decode the words from the literary text, but to observe their context and utterances that suggest different interpretations and new ways of reading the world. Also, as a result of this investigation, which is related to the line of research in Education, Epistemology and Language, at the Masters´ Program in Education at the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), comes out a proposal for poetry reading in the school field of action, aimed at students´ self-knowledge. The need to have poetic text in school is observed, especially in the first grades, worked by teachers who have been prepared for it, once the child has the right to have access to art and to be educated for esthetical fruition. There lies the justification and scientific relevance of this study, which will be available for teachers and other professionals who are interested in the theme and who worry about offering the child with new horizons and emancipating readings from the literary text. The study verifies that the poems in Lili inventa o mundo propose a reading that can be transforming and opportune for the curricular programs of any educational institution. They offer conditions to help the students constitute themselves as human beings with the capacity to develop their esthetical and critical sense in a constant growth and in their lives in a community. The texts written by Quintana in this work of the PNBE collection reveal the humanizing role of a contemporary poetry for children, which is able to contribute to form little readers. They demonstrate most of all that it is possible to educate with the help of poetic language and the knowledge it offers to a child.