A responsabilidade internacional do estado em face da regulamentação da biotecnologia abrigada pelo protocolo de Cartagena

Abstract

The current dissertation examines the international responsibility of the Brazilian state in face of regulations on safe handling and use of biotechnology on the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), on the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) and on the Nagoya Kuala-Lumpur Supplementary Protocol. Initially, the guidelines on the responsibilities of the Parties and sustainability goals contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are analyzed; forecasts, this Convention concerning the Cartagena Protocol and the Nagoya Kuala- Lumpur; and finally, the foundation about the responsibility of the state in face of the commitment to biodiversity and sustainability. Following the content, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) is interpreted in the light of the precautionary principle, and it is compared to the Brazilian legislation, as well as the work of the National Biosafety Technical Commission (CTNBio). Finally, responsibility and specific duties to repair damage caused by transboundary movements of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are discussed, either in domestic or in jurisdiction beyond our borders, according to the Supplementary Protocol of Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur, which regulates Article 27 of the CPB. It seeks to sustain that Brazil remains in deficit before the internationally agreed liabilities on biotechnology, either because internal administrative and legal incosistencies in the face of the Cartagena Protocol, either because the national state did not bring the Nagoya Kuala-Lumpur Supplementary Protocol into internal legislation. This inadequacy, sustains itself, constrains the Brazilian State to modify its legislation and administrative practice, in case it desires to approve the Nagoya Kuala-Lumpur Supplementary Protocol - as is clear from financial security clause by the clause of the requirement of financial security by the agent, who potentially cause damage - and setting aside the vulnerability condition as a result of the trade sanctions imposed by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).