Política tarifária emergencial: análise histórica e impactos no comércio e nas empresas

Abstract

This study addresses the evolution of tariffs in contexts of economic crises and geopolitical disputes, analyzing their impact on international business and on the daily lives of populations affected by such measures. The research aimed to understand the transformation of tariffs throughout history, from instruments focused on trade control and government revenue collection to strategic tools used in economic and political disputes between countries. The study was developed through bibliographic and documentary research, complemented by qualitative research conducted with companies from the Serra Gaúcha region in Brazil and consumers residing in the United States, seeking to identify the practical effects of tariffs on business, supply chains, and consumption habits. The results demonstrated that tariffs directly affect operational costs, business competitiveness, the organization of global supply chains, and consumer purchasing power. In addition, the study found that the main difficulty faced by commercial agents is related to the unpredictability and speed with which the measures are implemented, making strategic planning and market adaptation more difficult. It is concluded that tariffs remain relevant instruments in the regulation of international trade relations, especially when applied in a strategic and planned manner. However, their use has increasingly assumed a political and geopolitical character, influencing not only international trade but also economic and social relations between countries. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]