Certificação ecossistêmica como estratégia de mitigação dos impactos da mineração de basalto no bioma Mata Atlântica no estado do Rio Grande do Sul : integrando as melhores práticas da experiência italiana

Abstract

This research falls within the field of Environmental Law applied to the mining sector and examines the possibility of develop in ecosystem certification as a strategy for mitigating and compensating for the environmental impacts of basalt mining in the Atlantic Forest Biome in Rio Grande do Sul. Basalt extraction is economically and socially relevant, notably for civil construction and infrastructure works, while also generating significant environmental impacts because it is a typically extractive activity with significant potential for degradation, subject to the environmentally censing process. The research problem consists of verifying the feasibility of creating an ecosystem certification label for basalt and aggregate mining companies in Brazil, as well as analyzing the possibility of adapting European parameters, especially Italian ones, to the Brazilian regulatory context, aimed at minimizing environmental impacts and promoting ecological recovery in the southern region. The questions that guide the study consist of the possibility of Brazil adhering to the certification model, using European parameters as an example, and what criteria are appropriate to enable a specific ecosystem seal for the mining sector. The main objective is to propose a legally structured model of ecosystem certification aimed at encouraging business practices that go beyond the legal minimum. As specific objectives, the study analyzes the geology of the Atlantic Forest in the Serra Gaúcha, examines the Brazilian and Italian regulatory frame works, investigates comparative experiences, especially in the province of Trento, and assesses the plausibility and socioeconomic benefits of certification. The methodology adopted hypothetical-deductive, with a qualitative approach. The research source combines bibliography and documents, as well as empirical analysis resulting from direct visits to quarries in the Serra Gaúcha and Italian regions. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that Ecosystem Certification is a necessary and legally viable strategy. It has the potential to make basalt mineral extraction sustainable, improving the sector's performance. It is hoped that the proposed model will contribute to reducing the historical disconnect between environmental regulation and production practices, promoting legally balanced Mining that can reconcile the economic utility of basalt extraction with environmental regeneration and active protection of the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest in the Serra Gaúcha. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]