Problematizando os problemas de gênero : uma análise a partir de Butler, Oyewùmí e Preciado

Abstract

This thesis investigates gender and sexual binarity in Western thought, establishing a critical dialogue between Judith Butler's theory of performativity, Oyèrónké Oyewùmís critique of biological colonialism, and Paul B. Preciado's analysis of psychoanalytic paradigms. The research adopts a theoretical and bibliographic methodology with a qualitative approach. The transdisciplinary analysis articulates elements of post-structuralist philosophy, decolonial studies, and queer theory. The work is guided by the following question: in the face of contemporary social, cultural, and scientific transformations, how does the articulation between Judith Butler's performativity, Oyèrónké Oyewùmís critique of colonial somatocentrism, and Paul B. Preciado's deconstruction of psychoanalytic paradigms allow for an understanding of gender as a device of power and subjectivation? This research is justified by the urgency of confronting biological determinisms that sustain inequalities and violence against bodies that diverge from the cis-heteronormative norm, contributing to the deconstruction of colonial structures that still govern contemporary subjectivity. It concludes that gender is a product of repeated performative practices and medical, legal, and political power apparatuses. While Butler reveals the fragility of substantial identity and Oyewùmí demonstrates that gender as we know it today is a Eurocentric colonial imposition, Preciado points to the need for an approach to gender that moves beyond binarism. Ultimately, the thesis reaffirms the importance of a philosophical praxis aimed at the autonomy of bodies in the face of normalization and social regulation processes. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]