Desenvolvimento de uma luminária com alteração de espectro para o cultivo de plantas medicinais

Abstract

This work presented the development of a spectrally controlled luminaire intended for the cultivation of medicinal plants in a controlled environment, with special emphasis on Cannabis sativa L., a species that requires lighting precision to maximize its therapeutic potential. The research addressed the fundamentals of the interaction between light and plant physiology, highlighting the main photoreceptors and the influence of different wavelengths on photomorphogenic, photosynthetic, and flowering processes. Subsequently, the operating principles of LEDs, their semiconductor materials, the factors that influence their lifetime, and the importance of spectral composition for precision horticulture applications were discussed. The proposed project used LEDs from different spectral ranges, with a module controlled through strings dedicated to the vegetative and flowering stages. The system was managed by an ESP32 microcontroller, allowing the adjustment of plant development stages through spectral modulation and photoperiod control. The luminaire was developed considering criteria such as energy efficiency, stability, spectral distribution, and compliance with the physiological needs of medicinal species. Due to legal restrictions, as an experimental stage, the tests were conducted using chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) as a model species, since it is a short-day plant with a fast cycle until flowering. The results obtained demonstrated the technical feasibility of the developed prototype, highlighting its ability to operate under different lighting regimes and apply spectral control in an automated manner. Therefore, this work contributes to the development of artificial lighting solutions aimed at precision horticulture, serving as a basis for future studies involving photoperiodic responses and medicinal cultivation in indoor environments. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]