Uma abordagem heurística para consolidação de cargas com frota heterogênea e restrições de compatibilidade regional

Abstract

In an increasingly globalized and competitive scenario, organizations must find more efficient means of operation to maintain the viability of their operations. Among the key aspects for competitiveness, logistics has been gaining increasing importance. With the expansion of trade in products and services by companies that have efficient delivery systems, it is up to competitors to adapt and improve their logistics processes so that they are also fast and efficient, but with the lowest possible cost. Due to the large amount of demand and short deadlines available for consolidating loads or orders in freight, the use of optimization techniques is indicated to solve the associated load consolidation problem. Deterministic methods guarantee obtaining the best possible solution; however, they encounter limitations in the time required to evaluate more complex scenarios?that is, with a larger number of orders. In this scenario, optimization methods based on heuristics can generate near-optimal results in shorter computational time. The present work proposes and implements a heuristic model for load consolidation taking into account destination constraints, regional compatibility, and transport capacity. The approach combines a constructive heuristic with the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic, validated on instances from the literature and applied to a real-world logistics operation scenario, demonstrating its ability to produce solutions of competitive quality (average deviation of 1% to 5% compared to exact methods) in feasible computational time (less than five minutes). [resumo fornecido pelo autor]