A liberdade religiosa e de crença no direito internacional e o combate à intolerância contra missionários brasileiros no exterior

Abstract

Considering the increasing cruelty in episodes of religious intolerance in various parts of the world and the growing violation of freedom of belief, this monograph was developed. In this context, the study seeks to answer the following research question: To what extent do cases of religious persecution of Brazilian missionaries abroad, based on experiences also lived in other countries, violate Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 18, 20, §2, and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on freedom of religion and belief? In order to answer this question, the general objective is to understand freedom of religion and belief in International Law and the fight against intolerance against Brazilian missionaries abroad. To this end, the first chapter addresses the concept and historical evolution of religious freedom, from the perspective of human rights and International Law. The second chapter examines the protection mechanisms provided for in international treaties and Brazilian legislation, as well as the possible sanctions applicable in cases of religious intolerance. This study adopts the hypothetical-deductive research method, employing exploratory and bibliographic techniques. Ultimately, the proposed hypothesis was confirmed, concluding that although effective legal mechanisms exist to protect religious freedom, their effectiveness remains limited, primarily due to a lack of international cooperation and state inaction in the face of persecution. Thus, the need to strengthen legal instruments and public policies for protection is evident, in order to guarantee the full exercise of the right to believe and to propagate faith without discrimination or violence. [resumo fornecido pelos autor]