Efeito da adsorção e filtração na produção de celulases e xilanases

Abstract

Cellulases and xylanases enzymes complex production stands out in the world because these enzymes are important for the generation of biofuels, resins, alcohols, xylitol, sorbitol, and for the detergents industry, animal feed, pulp bleaching, and in the extraction of oils, pigments and essences from lignocellulose biomass. Secretion and production of cellulases and xylanases are affected under catabolic repression conditions due to glucose release. The purpose of the present study was to verify the effect on enzymatic production of Penicillium echinulatum compared to metabolites and sugars during submerged cultivation. The strategies used for the substances removal from the medium included filtration application, the use of pellets with adsorbents, and the use of adsorbents films. Membranes preparation from both ceramic and polymeric supports impregnated with polymers PVDF and PA were performed by phase inversion method, and eventually the ceramic membrane impregnated with solution 10% (w/v) of PVDF (C1) held 88% of the total proteins from the enzymatic solution. The removal consisting in 10% or 20% from the permeate during filtration with flat membranes, in periods between 8h and 24h resulted in a rise in the activity regarding β-glucosidase and endoglucanase in Erlenmeyer flasks. In relation to xylanases activity, the titles observed on the fourth day were between 40% and 30% superiors when filtration was made in 42 and 44h, respectively. Subsequently, when adsorbents were used in the bioreactor, activity involving endoglucanase, CBH and xylonase increased 50%, 43% and 12% respectively, in concentration applying activated charcoal comparable to standard source. Moreover, tests performed with nanofiltration membranes allowed 95% retention of the enzymes from the complex, and when they were used in the removal consisted of 10% and 20% in liquid phase in flasks, results showed a rise on the enzymatic activity. The tests 18/20, 24/10, 24/20, 44/10 and 44/20 ( in relation to filtration day and volume permeated) presented, on average, in 72 hours, a 33% increment in the endoglucanase activity and, in 96 hours, the test 44/20 presented activity superior to 40% from standard value. Therefore, for tests with Trichoderma reesei Rut C30, filtration experiments with 10% of the volume of the flasks in 12h and 20 h presented an increase in FPA activity, and in 60 h, the amount found was 15% and 11%, respectively. Subsequently, for endoglucanase enzyme, the activity presented increment levels evaluated in 40,7% and 52, 2% respectively for the mentioned tests, demonstrating the positive factor of the permeate 10% removal from the enzymatic production. Lastly, for FPA the rise represented 15% and 11% in the same test conditions.