Histórias e memórias do Grupo Escolar Padre Cícero de Juazeiro do Norte - Ceará (1927-1939)

Abstract

This dissertation investigates constituting process of Grupo Escolar Padre Cícero school, located in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte-CE. The time frame considered in this work is the period between the year 1927, the date of the foundation of the first school group in the town, and the year 1939, pointed as the initial years of operation of the group in its own building, resulting in the school named Grupo Escolar Padre Cícero, to honor the patriarch and former mayor of the municipality. The objective was to analyze and understand the practices and representations of schooling that contributed to the constitution of the school, identifying, and characterizing educational practices, establishing the relationships of social, political, and cultural context. The theoretical and methodological assumptions were guided by cultural history, drawing on the contributions of the authors such as Peter Burke (2005), Roger Chartier (2002), Verena Alberti (2013), Le Goff (1990), and Pesavento (2008), and other writers. For the conceptualization of school cultures, we highlight the contributions of Viñao Frago (1995; 2001; 2002), Vidal (2005; 2009), and Faria Filho (2002; 2007). In the methodology memories were analyzed as a document, from Grazziotin; Almeida (2012), Amado and Ferreira (2005), therefore documental analysis was used. Additionally, an interview with a graduate student and a historian from the municipality were conducted. The latter also studied on the premises of the group, and both subsequently worked as teachers at the school surveyed, when this was already a school of basic primary education. Beyond the arranged memories, from the methodology of oral history, several documents were analyzed, such as the Book of Minutes of Caixa Escolar of Juazeiro do Norte, photographs, Certificate of the Registry of Properties related to the group, floor plan of the school space, Decrees, Letters, among other sources found in the archives of the Library of Memorial Padre Cícero. This research is organized in six chapters. From it, we conclude that the school group sought to conserve part of its architecture throughout the time. For the period under review (1927-1939), the intervention and the nationalist authority are identified; they were present in the processes of schooling, manifested in civic celebrations, ceremonies, parades, and exams. The spread of Republican political ideals revealed at the solemnities, which marked the periods of the school calendar, is distinguished by the value given to national symbols and body planning. The events organized for the end of the school year were the stage for the speeches of the authorities, in which the students' performance was made public and these moments were always initiated and closed with the singing of the National Anthem. Going beyond these apprehensions, the research allowed us to infer, in the face of the analysis, the representations regarding the culture of the locality, revealing the way in which the existence of the school institution provided elements for which specific modality of instruction developed retains over time memories that define the school culture of a given period. The historical production constructed through documents and memories of the subjects emerge in the aspiration to collaborate with other pieces of research that intend to present the schooling processes in the town of Juazeiro do Norte. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]