Da escola rural multisseriada a escola nucleada : narrativas sobre o espaço, o tempo e o pertencimento no meio rural (Caxias do Sul-RS/1990-2012)

Abstract

This work is registered in the field of the History Education and this research is about the transition between schools known as multigrade schools to rural group schools, in a process known as “nucleação de escolas”. The research sought to know about the use and consumptions which were made of space by students and teachers in the period of transition between schools. The analysis of the investigation field that research intended to observe, sought the necessary support in Michel de Certeau's theories (1985 and 1990), more precisely in the theories of "Uses and Consumption" and "Strategies and Tactics" of appropriation, in order to establish a relationship between the way students and teachers, not only these, but the community surrounding the school consumes the spaces and time in "house schools" and the "big schools"3. One goal was to observe and analyze how this transition could have impacted on their processes of identity and belonging or resistances (Certeau’s anti-discipline). The method used in this study was the Oral History method, along with Document Review, through which interviews were conducted with teachers, students and ex- students and employees of SMED4 with participation in the nucleation process. The discursive textual analysis of the material from interviews, documents, laws and records produced by observation in the field of research, were organized, analyzed and interpreted in the light of the Certeau’s theories. One of the discoveries of this investigation was the social role played by schools, which goes beyond the educational function. This fact can be observed both at the time of isolated schools, In the 1940s when the processes by annexing of Fazenda de Souza, Santa Lucia of Piaí and Vila Oliva districts, was unrolling and the schools had a fundamental role in this process, as the nucleation process of the 1990s, when some communities kept these schools while other communities who have lost the schools pratically perished with her.