Aspectos históricos e contemporâneos sobre a interposição entre as identidades materna e docente na educação infantil : decorrências para a prática pedagógica

Abstract

This study, thati is related to the line of research of Education History and Philosophy, boards the relationship between gender and teaching experience in kindergarten. The central question concerns the reasons that lead to the commencement of the maternal and teacher identities in early childhood education and its consequences for the pedagogical practice. Thus, using the methodology of focus groups were interviewed six teachers working in a Preschool in the city of Caxias do Sul / RS, in order to hear their views concerning the role of teachers in order to understand how they perceive and deal with this question. The data were processed from the discursive textual analysis, which fell into two categories: profile and vocational training. The theoretical basis of this study is based on authors as Chartier (1990) and Pesavento (2008), Hall (2002), Veiga (2007), Blonde (2001), Kuhlmann (2003), Cerise (2002), among other researchers who help and understand the position of the woman teacher in society and culture as well as space for early childhood education, addressing historical and contemporary. The result was that the female identity has historically been built around a strong maternal discourse, which influenced their inclusion in the teaching, so that the teaching came to be represented as an extension of the home and the teacher as the second parent of the students. The opening of kindergartens and preschools reinforced this representation, as it required a strong presence of maternal educator. The narratives of the teachers surveyed supported this interposition, being seen, even as a positive feature for the performance of the function.Importantly, the authors as Pesavento (2008) and Chartier (1990) argue that discourses produce social practices and behaviors that often go beyond time and space. In this sense, the more intense the speech bringing the maternal role to the teacher, the greater the possibility of acting as a parent educator to students, damaging educational practices, according to studies by Diniz (2002) and Zanella (1999). Thus, this research shows is important because it provides a critical reflection on teaching performance, questioning what is "naturalized" and exposing contradictions. The text is complete, addressing the importance of the teacher become aware of themselves, their social group, its history and teaching, providing clues to mitigate the conflict in the role. Thus, this research has opened new possibilities for study, particularly in view of teacher education, with a view to early childhood education is still an area under construction, a locus in search of its identitys.