O jogo de Fusen como recurso pedagógico na inclusão de estudantes com deficiência física severa nas aulas de educação física

Abstract

The objective of this research is to assess the contribution of Fusen as a pedagogical resource for including severely disabled students in Physical Education classes. Fusen, a game created in Japan, is a cooperative, ludic oriented activity that has been developed to include disabled people, especially those with severe physical disabilities. The study also aims to examine challenges faced by the Physical Education teachers to include disabled people. The theoretical approach goes along the paths of Special and Physical Education, revealing possible encounters and tensions throughout history, besides the relation between the severely disabled student and Physical Education. In the path of practicing, strongly required for Physical Education in schools, the game phenomenon and the possibilities of linking the inclusive processes by ludic and cooperative games are observed. The investigation consists in a qualitative study of exploratory nature with semi-structured interviews, which objective was to gather data, information and hypothesis about a subject with scarce previous research. The interviews were made with eight Physical Education teachers that used Fusen in class with severely disabled students in the municipality of Caxias do Sul – RS. The data analysis was made based on the content analysis from Bardin (2004). The results were analyzed and set into four categories: a) Education on an inclusion perspective; b) Physical Education and inclusion; c) The severely disabled student; and d) Fusen. The results show the existence of a constant challenge in trying to make an inclusive Physical Education class. The usage of adapted Physical Education, through adapted sports, may lead to segregated practices, going against the purposes of inclusion. In the process of this research it was possible to notice that the interviewed teachers themselves point the importance of the teacher formation so they can deal better with differences within the school environment. Likewise, the interviews made it noticeable that there are still some remnants of a technicist, sportive and highly-competitive oriented Physical Education in school environments, over the practices oriented to the culture of body movement. It’s considered that the teaching strategies that stimulate competitive practices make gaps, distances, and favor exclusion processes. It was observed that Fusen is a proposal that allows some cooperative and different moments in Physical Education class, but it is not supposed by so that a game is, alone, capable of reaching all the goals, or all of those in the same way. However, it’s observed that it may be one of the few alternatives that allows the severely disabled students participate in a collective environment. Then, Fusen may serve to promote more human values and attitudes, that promote personal and collective well-being, especially because their rules and characteristics, considering that all participants are required along the practice.