Bioatividades de frações dos extratos de Lentinula edodes e Pleurotus sajor-caju em cultivo de células de mamíferos

Abstract

Mushrooms have vast prospects as sources of medicinal properties, since they have been used since ancient times to treat diseases and promote health in general. They have a number of interesting bioactive compounds which aroused the interest of the scientific area. The present study aims to evaluate the bioactive properties and the chemical and nutritional composition of the Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinula edodes mushrooms. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated through DPPH, reducing power, TBARS and beta carotene assays. Antitumor activity was performed on NCI-H460, HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7, PLP2, HCT-116 and MRC-5 cells, and anti-inflammatory for the ethanolic extract of P. sajor-caju on Raw 264.7. The composition of the P. sajor caju sample in tocopherols was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector (DAD). The fatty acid and sugar profiles were obtained by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and by HPLC coupled to a refractive index detector (RID). P. sajor-caju showed to be an important source of antioxidants mainly phenols (147.54 μg / g) and tocopherols (615.9g / 100g). β-tocopherol was the form found in higher amounts. This extract showed antioxidant activity, which is more significant for lipid peroxidation inhibition assays (EC 50 values below 2.6 mg / mL). Macronutrient profile determination showed high levels of protein (17.29 g / 100 g) and carbohydrates (76.18 g / 100 g), presenting low lipid values (1.16 g / 100 g). Analysis of the composition of fatty acids led to the quantification of 22 molecules, with predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acids, 17-61% and 20-54%, respectively. The flow cytometry assay was used to verify the type of induced death for both mushrooms, which showed similar results, indicating death by apoptosis. The studies carried out describe the nutraceutical potential of the analyzed species, as well as the molecular docking makes us think of a possible pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity. The consumption of mushrooms in nature as in extracts can have a beneficial effect on health and help in the treatment of certain diseases.