A educação física no ensino primário: memórias de professoras e alunos da Escola Giuseppe Garibaldi - Caxias do Sul/RS (1974-1989)

Abstract

This dissertation has a historical character and its object of study is the teaching of Physical Education in the primary series. It has as main goal to break down how Physical Education developed at Giuseppe Garibaldi School in Caxias do Sul, RS, from 1974 to 1989, succeeded in learning and understanding the tutoring from teachers and students’ memories overlapped to the history of this school institution. The timeline covered is from 1974, when the school was founded, until 1989, when the first level II teachers entered, with a specific graduation in the area of knowledge and the consequent implementation of the 5th grade, the second stage of Elementary School education. The qualitative investigation used the Oral History methodology, with a script of questions and analysis of the historical documentary considering: laws, decrees, opinions, lecture notes, teacher manuscripts, newspapers, photographs found in different archives. The research is based on the theoretical assumptions of Cultural History by the possibilities of identifying how history is constituted and represented in its different contexts, in everyday experiences, spaces and times. Thus, through oral narratives and other documents analyzed, it was possible to construct a history of Physical Education classes in elementary education at this school. The dissertation is organized in two main axis of discussion. The first one sought to establish contextual relations of the 1970s and the 1980s and how the prescriptions of Physical Education legislation in this institution were perceived in practice. The second axis analyzes the practices of Physical Education and the influences of the school facilities, the pedagogical experiences and the relations between the teacher formation with the context. As results of this research, we highlight that the tutoring was organized, planned and developed from the experiences of each teacher. The relationship with teacher training also appeared in the teachers' memories for the way they approached competitiveness, the tendency of an era, as well as the emphasis given to playfulness in a moment of restructuring pedagogical conceptions for the teaching of Physical Education. Regarding the practices and activities, we can divide them into two areas: in the courtyard space, through sports like soccer and volleyball, solo gymnastics, history and calisthenics, athletics with races and jumps from various distances, free or oriented play and by the practices of psychomotor activities; and in the classroom, through games and psychomotor practices with the addition of chess and other board games. The evidence indicates that in Giuseppe Garibaldi, corporal practices had a not very expressive influence on the memories of the subjects interviewed, however the playful part, the coexistence and the moment of open dialogue in the classes of Physical Education were evidences and suggest the relation of this practice with the schooling culture instituted in this place.