A formação moral no pensamento pedagógico katiano : implicações, desafios e perspectivas à escola hoje

Abstract

This dissertation, entitled “A Formação Moral no Pensamento Pedagógico kantiano: implicações, desafios e perspectivas à escola hoje”,1 is an outcome of a Master’s Degree research required by the Post graduation Program in Education of Universidade de Caxias do Sul2, aims to approach the issue of moral formation of the subjects and its relation with the current school education according to the pedagogical concepts of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. It is an analytical and interpretive methodological approach, prioritizing literature review, conceptual clarification and reflexive and critical argumentation. Inserted in the line of the philosophy of education research, this paper seeks to clarify concepts and statements presents in the Kantian pedagogical writings, reflect and situate Kant’s contributions for the thought of the subjects moral formation, as well as apply and update their pedagogical contributions to think education nowadays. During this research, in which was thought how the Kantian thinking helps to understand the process of formation of man as a subject and moral being nowadays, it is possible to realize that the author is well known for his philosophical theory, but he still being rarely studied as an educational theorist. By education, he understands a process that lasts a lifetime and has as final goal the formation of man as a moral subject. Kant believes that human beings are not born moral, they become moral through the educational processes. Thereby, education should start when the child is born: in this first step the child only needs physical care. In the second stage, appear the discipline that helps to control the passions and instincts. The discipline removes the human savagery and prepares the ground for the culture and morality. Therefore, it needs to develop the reason, moment of the third step which is the instruction, the basis for the development of a fair civil society in which the peace reigns perpetual. This author believes that if all men acted morally, humanity would be in the way to a universal cosmopolitan state, where would be developed all the dispositions of the human species. Meanwhile, this dissertation also discusses the challenges, implications and perspectives to the moral formation today and sees in the school institution through intentional training processes of teaching and learning, an effective contribution to the resumption of ample processes of formation of the human being, understood as an integral and integrative education, with emphasis on the dimensions of moral, critical, reflective and autonomous formation of the subjects.