Institucionalização da educação especial para a pessoa com deficiência intelectual em Caxias do Sul : configurações pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980

Abstract

The research, Institucionalização da Educação Especial para a Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual em Caxias do Sul: Configurações Pedagógicas nas décadas de 1970-1980 (Institutionalization of Special Education for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Caxias do Sul: Pedagogical Configurations in the 1970s and 1980s, arose from the question What pedagogical aspects enabled the institutionalization of Special Education for people with intellectual disabilities, in Caxias do Sul, in the 1970s and 1980s, and aimed to discuss the institutionalization of Special Education for the person with intellectual disabilities, made possible by educational proposals, made in this city, in those decades. The theoretical position taken in this research was a genealogical view, using concepts by Foucault to the reading and analysis of the documents. The documents studied were Minutes, Lesson Plans, Interviews, Photos, Newspapers, Mailing, Rules of Procedure, Session of the City Council of Caxias do Sul Reports and Class reports. The analysis consisted of reading the documents in a genealogical position allowing a view produced by the subjects within the relations of power, a subject crossed by several discourses, yet discourse producer. The documents were found in APAE-Caxias do Sul, State Special School João Prataviera, Municipal Historical Archive João S. Adami, virtual Historical Collection of the City Council of Caxias do Sul, and there were also interviews with teachers who worked in the period of the research. Divided into three chapters, this research will present, in the first chapter, the theoretical position used to analyze the pedagogical configuration that allowed Special Education in Caxias do Sul, as well as explain the concepts in this research, especially the concept of dispositif as a core concept to answer the research problem, and will locate the scientific discursive production historically established in the late nineteenth century, in the West; in the second chapter there will be a contextualization of the historical moment, approaching the appreciated knowledge in Caxias do Sul, as well as the conceptualization of intellectual disability and the emergence of special educational institutions, in this city, in the 1970s and 1980s, introducing the normalization dispositif as an operation mode specific of the pedagogical configuration of the Special Education in the analyzed period; the third chapter will present the documental analysis, whose focus is vocational education for people with intellectual disabilities within the institutions of Special Education, situating this professional education, as existing since the 1930s in Brazil. In this research it was possible to observe the pedagogical configuration produced by Special Education acting at the level of empower the bodies, in search of normalizing these bodies in supported places working through a normalization dispositif. The institutionalization, in this case, understood as the legitimation imposed by technology, where the actual practice of these technologies, enables and enhances its own set of knowledge configuration, which I named as configurations, will show educational configurations produced specifically for Special Education, normalizing subjects considered to be deficient to make them productive for work, operating a normalization dispositif, emerging in the instance of promotion and prevention of social order, the child disease, child anomaly, the marginalization of people with intellectual disabilities. !! !