Educação em saúde mental: encontros com a educação popular

Abstract

Thinking possibilities of potentializing the Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS ? Brazilian?s Public Network of Psychosocial Support) requires not only looking at the ones attended, and thus the created relationship. From a context of tension and legislative dismantling of mental health public policies, it becomes necessary to rescue the three decades history of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform to understand the importance of mental health support that the reform advocates. As a product of the reformist movement, RAPS is a plurality of services that spreads into a mental health support network in the existential territory of those who once were subject to an asylum-based model. As a part of this historical process, the practices on mental health support are built along educational actions that may perpetuate asylum-based models or build support processes that respect subjects? singularities, which enables a co construction of autonomy. Thus, this study aims to investigate the principles that support and/or emerge from the relationships between workers and users on mental health support. For such, this investigation is guided by the conceptions of popular education, considering its contribution from the popular movements that resulted, among other subjects, in an understanding of health as a right and in community mental health support. In order to approximate mental health and education, the premises of the Política National de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS ? Brazilian?s National Policy of Permanent Health Education) and the Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde (PNEPS-SUS ? Brazilian?s National Policy of Popular Health Education) are analyzed and articulated into the Política Nacional de Saúde Mental (Brazilian?s National Policy of Mental Health). It is a qualitative and exploratory study, that had 18 semi-structured interviews, where the participants were free to express over the theme. The interviewees were workers from different services and complexity levels in Caxias do Sul?s RAPS. Content analysis of the data was made according to Bardin. Data was then organized into two categories. The first, named autonomy, was structured into three subcategories: autonomy construction/production; respect for singularity; listening. The second category, named interdisciplinarity, has two subcategories: collective work and intersensoriality. From the results it is possible to understand that the spreading of RAPS into different services, according to the specificity of the attended public, contributes to the co construction of autonomy in a singular form. Furthermore, the conceptions of autonomy are built and understood based on the attended individuals? singularities in each mental health service. From the characteristics of every service, autonomy gains its own nuances of mental health support to the attended public. It is also evident the collective work as a mental health potentiality. Seeking for spaces where there?s something to be done for the different knowledge contributes to the integrality of support. This is produced as the interdisciplinary teams inter-relate dialogically, being able to produce collective knowledge about the problematizations they make. [resumo fornecido pelo autor]