Leitura literária da narrativa visual na educação infantil

Abstract

Aiming at contributing to processes of literacy in 4-year-old children, this study investigates peculiarities about the way in which children of this age read visual narratives present at collections destined to Children Education in National Program of School Library (PNBE) 2014. The text discusses the presence of children literature, imbued with experience, with imagination of young children, and with mediation with the titles made available to Brazilian public schools. The research is justified by the need of promoting studies and dissemination of literary work in Brazilian public schools, and by the need of studying processes of literary mediation for young children. This research discusses, at first, how selected visual narratives constitute discursively, appealing to their recipient. After this, empiric research is done with groups of children, aiming at analyzing how they act in the process of building sense to visual narratives, departing from mediation situations intentionally planned by the researcher. The social and scientific relevance of the research consists of promoting studies about books distributed to schools by the Federal Government, as well as of subsidizing teachers and researchers who work with Children Education, to qualify the presence of literature in this formal learning environment. To theoretically support the research, with respect to interaction, mediation, language, and learning, we base on Vygotsky (1998, 2000 and 2007), and Bakhtin (1981); to study childhood, we use Ariès (1981) and Postman (2011); to buil the concept of child literature, we make reference to Zilberman (2003), Ramos (2010), Cosson (2006), and Colomer (2003, 2007); as theoretical support to study the narration structure, we find base in Adam (2008); finally, to support questions on narrative visuality through images, we make use of Oliveira (2008) and Panozzo (2001). The research presents a qualitative approach. The researcher did and mediated reading sessions in a group of Children Education, which were registered in video registers. Initially, five narrative image books were selected; they are books chosen by PNBE 2014 - Category 2, Children Education – 4 to 5 year-old –, to be worked in a group of 13 four-year-old children in a school of “serra gaúcha” (mountain area of Rio Grande do Sul). From the data obtained and from categories emerged from them, the study proceeded to analysis. In that regard, results point at contributions of image books to reading in everyday school life of pre-school-aged children. We verified that children, in interaction situations, help, complement, converge, diverge, and express their opinions by talking or other forms of expression. The image book revealed itself as a valorous cultural object that promotes autonomy, interaction and freedom of comprehension.