Caracterização e evolução aromática de espumantes moscatéis de Farroupilha (RS) durante o armazenamento e influência das leveduras nos vinhos moscatos

Abstract

Farroupilha, located in the Serra Gaúcha region, is the county that owns the third largest production of grapes for processing in Brazil and the largest producer of muscat grapes, representing almost a half part of Brazilian production. In the last ten years, the production and commercialization of sparkling wines muscat in Brazil increased significantly, demonstrating a growing annual consumption. This product pleases the palate of the Brazilian and also of consumers from other countries, because every year sparkling Brazilian muscat win several medals in international competitions. Another important aspect was the achievement in 2015, of the Geographical Indication of Origin of wines from Farroupilha, contributing even more to the highlight of these products in the Brazilian and abroad market. Among the main varieties cultivated and used for the elaboration of quiet wines and sparkling wine muscat are Moscato Branco, Moscato Giallo, Moscato R2 and Malvasia de Candia. The more detailed knowledge of the sensorial, aromatic and qualitative characteristics of these products are important as they allow to characterize the profile of the wines and sparkling wines of this region. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the aromatic composition of the sparkling Farroupilha muscat; their evolution during storage; characterize wines elaborated with moscato varieties and determine the influence of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii on the chemical and sensorial composition of Moscato Branco wines. Physicochemical, chromatographic and sensorial analyzes were performed. The results allow to attribute to the sparkling wines with less time of storage citrus and fruity aromas and to the sparkling ones with more time, notes of apple, truffles, almonds, roses and honey. Each grape variety provides different aromas for each sparkling wines, contributing to a higher aromatic complexity. The Moscato Giallo variety attributes to the wine aromas that refer to fruits such as pear and pitanga, and herbs such as rosemary. The wines of the variety Moscato R2 stood out for the notes of citrus fruits and rosemary, and the wines of the variety Moscato Branco presented citric notes, pear and pitanga. The yeasts used also influenced the aromatic composition. The wines elaborated with pure yeasts of T. delbrueckii presented higher levels of isoamyl acetate (banana), ethyl hexanoate (fruits, anise), 2-methyl-1-propanol (alcoholic) and 2-phenylethanol (roses). These concentrations tend to decrease in mixed fermentations. Wines produced with S. cerevisiae 100% EC 1118 showed the highest levels of ethanal (green apple), 1-propanol (pungent), ethyl octanoate (pineapple, pear) and linalool (roses). Thus, this study demonstrates that, although the consuption tendency of muscat wine and muscat sparkling wine being between 12 and 18 months, these products have the potential to be consumed with greater storage time, without losing their typical characteristics. It was also verified that the sparkling wines of Farroupilha presented similar quality to the sparkling wine produced in the region of Asti, region of Denomination of Origin traditionally known with almost one hundred years of wine history.