Concepções de gramática e de ciência no ensino de língua

Abstract

This thesis has as main objective to investigate normative, descriptive and internalized grammar conceptions, describing them, seeking approaches with science conceptions and verifying if they present contributions to the native tongue teaching in Basic Education. The research was essentially bibliographical, basing itself on theoretical references of Saussure, Benveniste, Bakhtin, Vygotsky, Bronckart, Kuhn, Morin, Paviani, Franchi, Travaglia, Possenti, Flores, Pozo, Cavaliere, among other authors that investigate education, language, epistemology, teaching and learning processes and the questions related to mother tongue and grammar. It was observed that the descriptive grammar aims, as its own title says, to describe the language to perceive possible or not-possible uses, and it may aid the student to understand the linguistic working. The internalized grammar, in turn, can bring benefits to the native tongue teaching for the fact that of recognizing and not devaluating the language rules learned by the students in their speaking community. Thus, this conception suggests that the teacher identifies the linguistic reality of the students so he/she can elaborate activities such as to allow them to access new forms of expression. As for the normative grammar, it was understood that it’s teaching must be rethought. Furthermore, the study allowed to find that, on portuguese language class, the work based on rules transmission and on phrases or isolated words, which was related to the conception of normative grammar and with the cartesian-newtonian science conception, may be reviewed. As an alternative, the realization of activities that contemplate de text/speech was recommended. This meets the contemporary science conception, grounded on characteristics such as unity, complexity, systemic view. The investigation also allowed to conclude that the prescriptive character of normative grammar can attach itself to the idea advocated by the cartesian-newtonian paradigm that there are absolute truths. In this perspective, it is alternatives connected to the conception of education and language as interaction, coined on intersubjectivity, were suggested.